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Jeanne F茅aux de la Croix maps three iconic places as part of Central Asians' "moral geographies" and examines their role in navigating socialist, neo-liberal, and neo-Islamic life models. Dams provide most of Kyrgyzstan's electricity, but are also at the heart of regional water disputes that threaten an already shrinking Aral Sea. Mountain pastures cover much of Central Asia's heartland and offer a livelihood and refuge, even to urban citizens. Pilgrimage sites have recovered from official Soviet oblivion and act as cherished scenes of decision-making. Examining how iconic places, work, and well-being can mesh together, this book moves debates about post-Soviet memory, space, and property onto fresh terrain.
Jeanne F茅aux de la Croix is a social anthropologist trained in Oxford and St. Andrews, After fellowships at Zentrum Moderner Orient, she moved to Eberhard-Karls University T眉bingen to lead a Junior Research Group on the Cultural History of Water in Central Asia. She also serves as principal investigator of a Volkswagen Project on 鈥楾he Social Life of a River: environmental histories, social worlds and conflict resolution along the Naryn-Syr Darya鈥�. Together with environmental historians, she co-directs a study comparing soil degradation issues in Central Asia, Russia and Australia ( Collaborative Research Centre Threatened Orders). She is currently researching phantom infrastructure projects, the perception of glacier melt and bridge histories in Kyrgyzstan. F茅aux de la Croix is particularly interested in collaborative approaches and transdisciplinary methods such as participant filming.
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袘芯谢褜褕邪褟 袠谐褉邪 胁 笑械薪褌褉邪谢褜薪芯泄 袗蟹懈懈, 泻芯褌芯褉邪褟 薪邪褔邪谢邪褋褜 械褖械 胁 XIX 胁., 锌褉芯写芯谢卸邪械褌褋褟 懈 胁 XXI 胁. 袝褋谢懈 胁 XIX 胁. 斜褘谢芯 写胁邪 芯褋薪芯胁薪褘褏 懈谐褉芯泻邪: 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻邪褟 懈 袘褉懈褌邪薪褋泻邪褟 懈屑锌械褉懈懈, 褌芯 褋械谐芯写薪褟 泻芯谢懈褔械褋褌胁芯 懈谐褉芯泻芯胁 褍胁械谢懈褔懈谢芯褋褜 写芯 褔械褌褘褉械褏: 袪芯褋褋懈褟 锌褉芯写芯谢卸邪械褌 芯褋褌邪胁邪褌褜褋褟 胁 褉械谐懈芯薪械, 袘褉懈褌邪薪懈褟 褍写邪谢懈谢邪褋褜, 薪芯 胁屑械褋褌芯 薪械械 锌褉懈褕谢懈 褌褉懈 薪芯胁褘褏 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁邪: 小楔袗, 孝褍褉褑懈褟 懈 袣懈褌邪泄. 袨写薪邪泻芯 褌芯谢褜泻芯 袣懈褌邪泄 懈屑械械褌 芯斜褖褍褞 褋 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪芯屑 谐褉邪薪懈褑褍. 袧芯胁邪褟 褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻邪褟 懈薪懈褑懈邪褌懈胁邪 鈥溞炐葱感� 袩芯褟褋 懈 袨写懈薪 袩褍褌褜鈥�, 锌褉芯胁芯蟹谐谢邪褕械薪薪邪褟 胁 2013 谐芯写褍 泻懈褌邪泄褋泻懈屑 谢懈写械褉芯屑 小懈 笑蟹懈薪褜锌懈薪芯屑, 泻芯褌芯褉邪褟 懈屑械谢邪 褑械谢褜褞 锌芯写褋褌械谐薪褍褌褜 褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻芯械 褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈械 懈 褋芯褌褉褍写薪懈褔械褋褌胁芯 屑械卸写褍 械胁褉邪蟹懈泄褋泻懈屑懈 褋褌褉邪薪邪屑懈, 芯泻邪蟹邪谢邪 斜芯谢褜褕芯械 胁谢懈褟薪懈械 薪邪 卸懈蟹薪褜 芯斜褘褔薪褘褏 谐褉邪卸写邪薪 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪邪. 袩褉械蟹械薪褌邪褑懈褟 锌芯泻邪卸械褌, 泻邪泻 锌芯胁谢懈褟谢邪 泻懈褌邪泄褋泻邪褟 褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻邪褟 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻邪 薪邪 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪 褋 褌芯褔泻懈 蟹褉械薪懈褟 锌褉芯褋褌褘褏 谐褉邪卸写邪薪. 袨薪邪 锌芯褋褌邪褉邪械褌褋褟 芯褌胁械褌懈褌褜 薪邪 褋谢械写褍褞褖懈械 胁芯锌褉芯褋褘: 袣邪泻 胁芯褋锌褉懈薪懈屑邪褞褌 泻懈褌邪泄褋泻褍褞 褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻褍褞 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻褍 锌褉芯褋褌褘械 谐褉邪卸写邪薪械 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪邪? 袣邪泻芯胁褘 锌芯蟹懈褌懈胁薪褘械 懈 薪械谐邪褌懈胁薪褘械 锌芯褋谢械写褋褌胁懈褟 泻懈褌邪泄褋泻芯泄 褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻芯泄 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻懈? 袣邪泻芯胁褘 锌械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁褘 泻懈褌邪泄褋泻芯泄 褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻芯泄 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻懈 胁 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪械?
效芯谢锌芯薪 效芯褌邪械胁邪 听- 褉褍泻芯胁芯写懈褌械谢褜 锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑褘 邪薪褌芯锌芯谢芯谐懈懈, 锌褉芯褎械褋褋芯褉, 写芯泻褌芯褉 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈褏 薪邪褍泻
袗屑械褉懈泻邪薪褋泻懈泄 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌 笑械薪褌褉邪谢褜薪芯泄 袗蟹懈懈.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze whether the process of religious revival that started after collapse of the Soviet Union has translated into increased religiosity of Kyrgyzstany society. The study is based on quantitative field work carried out in 2012 and updated in 2015, which examines various dimensions of religiosity to learn the degree of Islamic practice, beliefs, values and religious knowledge.
The findings demonstrate that the evident outcome of the religious resurgence in Kyrgyzstan is the profound growth of religious institutions and formal attachment to religion. However, this has not led to dramatic growth of religiosity in terms of participation and attendance of religious practices. The findings also reveal significant regional and ethnic differences in religious observance and attachment to certain aspects of Islamic tradition. Overall, the outcomes of the study present the fact that whereas Islam in Kyrgyzstan serves as a means of traditional self-identification, the society prefers to believe but not belong to Islamic traditionalism.
Rouslan Jalil is a doctoral fellow at department of Educational Policy and Evaluation (EPE), the University of Kentucky, USA. He is currently doing a research on examining Islamic education and political secularism in post-Soviet Central Asia. Rouslan has BA degree from the ICP at 69色 (2001). He earned his MA degree in social science and economics from the University of Bonn and the University of Hamburg (2006), Germany. In 2013, he was a visiting scholar at Indiana University, USA. During 2006-2010, Rouslan worked as a research fellow and a program manager at 鈥淎BH Institut f眉r Sozialforschung鈥�, a German based research institute in Hamburg. Between 2010-12, he worked as an assistant professor at ICP in 69色. His research interests include sociology of religion, education and religion, educational policy, and trends and reforms in higher education.
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This article examines the dialectical relationship of formal and informal governance, as well听as their relation to and effect on corruption in Kyrgyzstan. Despite the changes of the formal political system from a presidential to a parliamentary style of government, the logic of informal governance with its rules and practices remained in place and remains widely applied behind the facade of the formal frameworks. In order to understand why anti-corruption movements and political reforms have not worked, we focus on practices of informal governance that have worked and worked efficiently enough to block those reforms.听Due to its flexible and omnipresent nature, practices of informal governance are capable of adapting to different formal political systems. It is detrimental to the transparency of the political system and institutional development, yet it also contributes to regime stability and change and has efffectson corruption.
Aksana Ismailbekova has recently joined theproject 鈥楩orms of local security in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan鈥擳he emergence of securityscapes鈥� funded by Volkswagen Foundation (2017-2018). She is also a lead researcher for Kyrgyzstan in the project 鈥淚nformal Governance and Corruption 鈥揟ranscending the Principal Agent and Collective Action Paradigms鈥�, which is funded by the British Academy (BA) 鈥� DFID Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (ACE) and led by the Basel Institute on Governance (2016-2017). Ismailbekova was research fellow at the Zentrum ModernerOrient (ZMO) (Center for the Modern Orient) in Berlin (2011-2015). At ZMO Ismailbekova was a member of the competence network 鈥淐rossroads Asia.鈥� She conducted her doctoral research at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle/Saale, Germany (2006-2012).
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笑械谢褜褞 写邪薪薪芯谐芯 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褟 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 芯锌褉械写械谢械薪懈械 褎邪泻褌芯褉芯胁, 胁谢懈褟褞褖懈褏 薪邪 薪邪褉褍褕械薪懈械 锌褉邪胁懈谢 写芯褉芯卸薪芯谐芯 写胁懈卸械薪懈褟 胁 袘懈褕泻械泻械. 袙锌械褉胁褘械 斜褍写褍褌 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁谢械薪邪 薪械蟹邪胁懈褋懈屑邪褟 褋褌邪褌懈褋褌懈泻邪 锌芯 泻芯谢懈褔械褋褌胁褍 袛孝袩.
袙 2017 谐芯写褍 胁 袣袪 泻邪卸写褘泄 写械薪褜 褍屑懈褉邪谢芯 写胁邪 褔械谢芯胁械泻邪 胁 写械薪褜 胁 袛孝袩. 袟邪 锌芯褋谢械写薪懈械 写械褋褟褌褜 谢械褌 袛孝袩 褉邪褋褌械褌 懈 褉邪褋褌械褌 褋屑械褉褌薪芯褋褌褜.
袠写械褌 锌芯胁褘褕械薪懈械 褕褌褉邪褎芯胁, 胁薪械写褉褟械褌褋褟 斜芯谢褜褕械 褉械泄写芯胁, 懈写械褌 褉邪斜芯褌邪 褋褉械写懈 胁芯写懈褌械谢械泄 鈥�.
袧芯 薪懈褔械谐芯 薪械 屑械薪褟械褌褋褟: 袛孝袩 褉邪褋褌械褌, 袩袛袛 锌芯褔褌懈 锌芯胁褋褞写褍 懈 泻邪卸写褘泄 写械薪褜 薪邪褉褍褕邪褞褌褋褟. 小谢芯卸懈谢芯褋褜 胁锌械褔邪褌谢械薪懈械, 褔褌芯 卸懈褌械谢懈 袘懈褕泻械泻邪 褋屑懈褉懈谢懈褋褜 褋 薪械褋芯斜谢褞写械薪懈械屑 袩袛袛 懈 锌芯褋褌芯褟薪薪褘屑 胁褘褋芯泻懈屑 褉懈褋泻芯屑 斜褘褌褜 褋斜懈褌褘屑 懈谢懈 锌芯锌邪写邪薪懈械屑 胁 袛孝袩.
袪械锌褉械蟹械薪褌邪褌懈胁薪芯械 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈械 锌芯泻邪蟹邪谢芯:
鈥� 泻邪泻 褔邪褋褌芯 薪邪褉褍褕邪褞褌褋褟 袩袛袛;
鈥� 泻邪泻 褔邪褋褌芯 胁芯写懈褌械谢懈 写邪褞褌 胁蟹褟褌泻褍;
鈥� 泻邪泻芯泄 褍褉芯胁械薪褜 蟹薪邪薪懈泄 袩袛袛 褍 胁芯写懈褌械谢械泄;
鈥� 泻邪泻懈械 屑械褉褘 锌芯 屑薪械薪懈褞 胁芯写懈褌械谢械泄 褍屑械薪褜褕懈褌 袛孝袩;
鈥� 懈 写褉褍谐懈械 邪泻褌褍邪谢褜薪褘械 胁芯锌褉芯褋褘 谐芯褉芯写褋泻芯谐芯 褌褉邪薪褋锌芯褉褌邪.
袛邪薪薪芯械 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈械 锌褉芯胁械写械薪芯 锌褉懈 锌芯写写械褉卸泻械 肖芯薪写邪 芦小芯褉芯褋-袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪禄.
袣芯褎械 懈 谢械谐泻懈械 蟹邪泻褍褋泻懈 斜褍写褍褌 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁谢械薪褘 胁芯 胁褉械屑褟 泻褉褍谐谢芯谐芯 褋褌芯谢邪.
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Pr. Montgomery is a Director of Program Development for CEDAR鈥擟ommunities Engaging with Difference and Religion, and Associate Research Professor in the Center for International Development and Conflict Management & the Department of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland. He is the author of Practicing Islam: Knowledge, Experience, and Social Navigation in Kyrgyzstan and Living with Difference: How to Build Community in a Divided World.
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袙 褉邪屑泻邪褏 芯褌泻褉褘褌芯泄 谢械泻褑懈懈 斜褍写褍褌 褉邪褋褋屑芯褌褉械薪褘 邪褋锌械泻褌褘 褉械谐褍谢懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟 斜褉邪褔薪褘褏 芯褌薪芯褕械薪懈泄 泻褘褉谐褘蟹芯胁 锌芯 芯斜褘褔薪芯屑褍 锌褉邪胁褍, 芯蟹胁褍褔械薪褘 褉械泻芯屑械薪写邪褑懈懈 懈 锌褉械写谢芯卸械薪懈褟 锌芯 胁芯蟹屑芯卸薪芯泄 懈薪褌械谐褉邪褑懈懈 锌芯蟹懈褌懈胁薪褘褏 褌褉邪写懈褑懈泄 懈 芯斜褘褔邪械胁 泻褘褉谐褘蟹芯胁 胁 褋芯胁褉械屑械薪薪芯械 褋械屑械泄薪芯械 蟹邪泻芯薪芯写邪褌械谢褜褋褌胁芯 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯泄 袪械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈. 袩褍褌械屑 邪薪邪谢懈蟹邪 褍褋褌薪褘褏 懈 锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪褘褏 锌邪屑褟褌薪懈泻芯胁 锌褉邪胁邪, 锌褉邪泻褌懈泻懈 芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪薪芯泄 卸懈蟹薪懈 泻褘褉谐褘蟹芯胁 锌褉芯胁芯写懈褌褋褟 懈褋褌芯褉懈泻芯-锌褉邪胁芯胁芯泄 邪薪邪谢懈蟹 褝胁芯谢褞褑懈懈 锌芯薪褟褌懈褟 芦斜褉邪泻禄. 孝邪泻卸械 斜褍写褍褌 锌褉芯邪薪邪谢懈蟹懈褉芯胁邪薪褘 褎芯褉屑褘, 褍褋谢芯胁懈褟 懈 锌芯褉褟写芯泻 蟹邪泻谢褞褔械薪懈褟 斜褉邪泻邪, 邪 褌邪泻卸械 懈 芯褋薪芯胁邪薪懈褟 械谐芯 锌褉械泻褉邪褖械薪懈褟 锌芯 薪芯褉屑邪屑 芯斜褘褔薪芯谐芯 锌褉邪胁邪 泻褘褉谐褘蟹芯胁. 袧邪 芯褋薪芯胁邪薪懈懈 屑邪褌械褉懈邪谢芯胁 芯斜褘褔薪芯谐芯 锌褉邪胁邪 泻褘褉谐褘蟹芯胁 芯锌褉械写械谢褟械褌褋褟 蟹薪邪褔械薪懈械 懈薪褋褌懈褌褍褌芯胁 泻邪谢褘屑邪 懈 锌褉懈写邪薪薪芯谐芯 胁 褋懈褋褌械屑械 斜褉邪褔薪褘褏 芯褌薪芯褕械薪懈泄 泻褘褉谐褘蟹芯胁.
袩褉懈谐谢邪褕邪械屑 胁褋械褏, 泻褌芯 懈薪褌械褉械褋褍械褌褋褟 邪泻褌褍邪谢褜薪褘屑懈 胁芯锌褉芯褋邪屑懈 芯斜褘褔薪芯谐芯 锌褉邪胁邪 泻褘褉谐褘蟹芯胁.
孝械谐懈蟹斜械泻芯胁邪 袞褘谢写褘蟹 效褘薪邪褉斜械泻芯胁薪邪 鈥� 薪械蟹邪胁懈褋懈屑褘泄 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢褜, 泻邪薪写懈写邪褌 褞褉懈写懈褔械褋泻懈褏 薪邪褍泻, 写芯褑械薪褌. 袗胁褌芯褉 泻薪懈谐懈 芦袨斜褘褔薪芯械 锌褉邪胁芯 泻褘褉谐褘蟹芯胁: 斜褉邪泻 懈 褋械屑褜褟禄 懈 写褉褍谐懈褏 褉邪斜芯褌 芯褌薪芯褋懈褌械谢褜薪芯 褌褉邪写懈褑懈泄 懈 芯斜褘褔邪械胁 泻褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯谐芯 薪邪褉芯写邪.
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协褎褎械泻褌懈胁薪芯褋褌褜 锌芯谢懈褌懈褔械褋泻芯泄 褋懈褋褌械屑褘 蟹邪胁懈褋懈褌 胁 斜芯谢褜褕械泄 褋褌械锌械薪懈 芯褌 褍褉芯胁薪褟 锌芯谢懈褌懈褔械褋泻芯谐芯 褍褔邪褋褌懈褟 谐褉邪卸写邪薪, 锌芯褌械薪褑懈邪谢邪 懈褏 锌芯薪懈屑邪薪懈褟 懈 胁褘褉邪卸械薪懈褟 锌芯谢懈褌懈褔械褋泻懈褏 懈薪褌械褉械褋芯胁, 锌褉械写锌芯褔褌械薪懈泄, 邪 褌邪泻卸械 胁芯蟹屑芯卸薪芯褋褌械泄 胁芯褋锌芯谢褜蟹芯胁邪褌褜褋褟 锌褉邪胁芯屑 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪薪芯谐芯 胁褘斜芯褉邪. 袧械写邪胁薪懈械 褌械薪写械薪褑懈懈 锌芯泻邪蟹褘胁邪褞褌, 褔褌芯 褟胁泻邪 懈蟹斜懈褉邪褌械谢械泄 胁 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯泄 袪械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻械, 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 褋邪屑芯泄 薪懈蟹泻芯泄 锌芯 胁褋械屑褍 褉械谐懈芯薪褍 笑械薪褌褉邪谢褜薪芯泄 袗蟹懈懈 懈 懈屑械械褌 褍褋褌褉械屑谢械薪薪芯褋褌褜 泻 褋薪懈卸械薪懈褞. 袧邪褋褌芯褟褖械械 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈械 薪邪锌褉邪胁谢械薪芯 薪邪 懈蟹褍褔械薪懈械 褝谢械泻褌芯褉邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 锌芯胁械写械薪懈褟 卸懈褌械谢械泄 写胁褍褏 谐芯褉芯写芯胁 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪邪 (袘懈褕泻械泻 懈 袨褕). 笑械谢褜褞 写邪薪薪芯谐芯 锌褉芯械泻褌邪 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 胁褘褟胁谢械薪懈械 褎邪泻褌芯褉芯胁, 懈屑械褞褖懈褏 薪械锌芯褋褉械写褋褌胁械薪薪芯械 胁谢懈褟薪懈械 薪邪 褝谢械泻褌芯褉邪谢褜薪芯械 锌芯胁械写械薪懈械 谐芯褉芯卸邪薪. 袛邪薪薪褘械 芯锌褉芯褋邪 771 褉械褋锌芯薪写械薪褌邪 胁 芯斜芯懈褏 谐芯褉芯写邪褏, 锌芯泻邪蟹褘胁邪褞褌, 褔褌芯 斜芯谢褜褕懈薪褋褌胁芯 锌褉懈褔懈薪, 泻芯褌芯褉褘械 褉械褋锌芯薪写械薪褌褘 锌褉懈胁芯写懈谢懈 胁 泻邪褔械褋褌胁械 邪褉谐褍屑械薪褌邪褑懈懈 胁 芯褌泻邪蟹械 芯褌 褍褔邪褋褌懈褟 胁 胁褘斜芯褉邪褏 斜褘谢懈 泻芯褋胁械薪薪褘屑懈 (芦薪械褌 胁褉械屑械薪懈禄, 芦薪械 薪邪褏芯写懈谢懈褋褜 写芯屑邪 胁 褌芯褌 屑芯屑械薪褌禄, 芦薪械胁芯蟹屑芯卸薪芯褋褌褜 褉械谐懈褋褌褉邪褑懈懈 斜懈芯屑械褌褉懈褔械褋泻懈褏 写邪薪薪褘褏禄, 芦芯褌褋褍褌褋褌胁懈械 懈屑械薪 胁 褋锌懈褋泻械 懈蟹斜懈褉邪褌械谢械泄禄) 懈 写芯斜褉芯胁芯谢褜薪褘屑懈 (芦芯褌褋褍褌褋褌胁懈械 懈薪褌械褉械褋邪 懈 写芯胁械褉懈褟 泻 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻械禄). 袛邪薪薪褘械, 锌芯谢褍褔械薪薪褘械 胁 褏芯写械 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褟, 褍褌胁械褉卸写邪褞褌, 褔褌芯 薪邪 褍褔邪褋褌懈械 胁 胁褘斜芯褉邪褏 芯泻邪蟹褘胁邪械褌 胁谢懈褟薪懈械 褉褟写 褋芯褑懈邪谢褜薪芯 写械屑芯谐褉邪褎懈褔械褋泻懈褏 褏邪褉邪泻褌械褉懈褋褌懈泻, 褍斜械卸写械薪懈泄 懈 锌褉邪泻褌懈泻.
袠褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈械 锌褉芯胁芯写懈谢芯褋褜 锌褉懈 锌芯写写械褉卸泻械 USAID 懈 Office for Research, 69色.
袦械褏褉懈谐褞谢褜 袗斜谢械蟹芯胁邪, 褋褌邪褉褕懈泄 锌褉械锌芯写邪胁邪褌械谢褜 褎邪泻褍谢褜褌械褌邪 小芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈懈, 袦邪谐懈褋褌褉邪褌褍褉邪 胁 小芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈懈.
袚邪谢懈薪邪 袚芯褉斜芯褉褍泻芯胁邪, 褋褌邪褉褕懈泄 锌褉械锌芯写邪胁邪褌械谢褜 褎邪泻褍谢褜褌械褌邪 小芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈懈, 袛芯泻褌芯褉 小芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻懈褏 薪邪褍泻.
楔懈褉懈薪 孝褍屑械薪斜邪械胁邪, 锌褉械锌芯写邪胁邪褌械谢褜 褎邪泻褍谢褜褌械褌邪 小芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈懈, 袦邪谐懈褋褌褉邪褌褍褉邪 胁 袩芯谢懈褌芯谢芯谐懈懈.
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My research is about state and society relations in Central Asia. It examines statehood comparatively in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. Despite having made different political, economic, and institutional choices at independence in 1991, these countries arrived at the same outcome today: an incomplete state. In framing the problem as the incomplete state, this research shifts the conventional emphasis away from symptoms of state weakness toward those processes that contribute to it. It highlights the fact that the state can simultaneously be both strong and weak, omnipresent and absent. It is the blurring of the line between state and non-state, public and private, legal and illegal, formal and informal which matters for a better understanding of the state. Drawing from Charles Tilly and Michal Mann, I suggest that these shadow areas generate processes of interstitial emergence that may either undermine or strengthen the state. The outcome generated by such processes is dependent on the balance between state autonomy and state embeddedness. I argue that the incomplete state is a result of three sets of factors鈥攈istorical, external, and local鈥攖hat directly or indirectly produce processes that are counter-productive to the current state-building process. Specifically, the research focuses on the societal legacy of the Soviet statehood, the strategies of state-building provided by external actors, and the balance of power between rival local elites. It demonstrates how each of these sets of factors contribute to the creation or development of sites of social resistance and the chasm between the state and society in each of the three given cases. Further, it identifies three important processes. Firstly, structural changes taken for granted following the dissolution of the Soviet Union have not necessarily altered cross-border societal interdependence at the grassroots. Secondly, the strategies pursued by external actors have indirectly created isolated pockets of land, empowered community-based civil activism and facilitated informal trade. Finally, while state elites strengthened the institution of the state, they turned it into a tool for legitimizing illicit revenues rather than a means to increase its infrastructural power. States and societies in the region have become isolated from one another. These states, empowered only in the institutional sense, have become empty shells. The societies, empowered without the state, have become captives within a game of survival. It seems that the state cannot be complete without becoming social.
Bio:
Viktoria Akchurina defended her doctoral dissertation鈥攖itled 鈥淪tate as Social Practice: Sources, Resources, and Forces in Central Asia鈥濃�攊n January 2016. The thesis is about state and society relations in Central Asia. It examines state-building processes comparatively in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. Viktoria conducted independent field research on Islamic resistance movements in Central Asia in 2012 and 2014. She worked as a researcher for the OSCE Office in Dushanbe, International Women鈥檚 Media Foundation in Washington, and the Defence Council under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic in Bishkek. Her main research interests include state-building, governance, social radicalization, and social engineering.
She speaks fluently English, German, Italian, and Russian (mother tongue).
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小锌褉邪胁芯褔薪懈泻 袗校笑袗
袣邪褉褌邪 褋邪泄褌邪
协泻褋褌褉械薪薪褘械 泻芯薪褌邪泻褌褘